EUROPE AND MORE

DOING A PROJECT

What is a project?

A project is a series of activities about one specific topic. 

Follow these steps:

1. Find information about the topic. Look in books, on the Internet, and ask different people for help.
2. Write about the topic. Include drawings and photographs.
3. Present your project. Prepare a presentation in your group
4. to present your project to the class.

Who do you work with?

A project is cooperative group work. This means you work with several classmates and each one is responsible for a different part of the project.

Your teacher will help you organize your group and the different tasks.

UNIT 3: THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE

Europe is in the Northern Hemisphere.

1 Plains and plateaus

They are very common in Europe 

The Great European Plain, which extends from the Ural Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean. It covers a large part of Central Europe.

The Inner Plateau, which covers the centre of the Iberian Peninsula.

2 Mountains and coasts

The main mountain ranges in Europe are: 

The Caucasus includes the highest peak in Europe, Mount Elbrus.

The Ural Mountains in the east. This mountain range separates Europe from Asia.

The Scandinavian Mountains in the north. They are in the Scandinavian Peninsula.
Alps are very high mountains in Central Europe and Pyrenees are between Spain and France.

The European coasts are bathed by two oceans: the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean , and by three seas: the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The main coastal features are:

Peninsulas. The Scandinavian, the Iberian, the Italian and the Balkan Peninsulas are the largest ones.

Islands. The largest islands in the Atlantic Ocean are: Iceland, Ireland and Great Britain. The islands in the Mediterranean Sea, such as Sardinia and Crete, are smaller.

Gulfs. The Bay of Biscay is in the Atlantic Ocean.

Capes. The North Cape is in the north of Europe. Cape St. Vincent is in the south.

3 Rivers and lakes

European rivers flow into several different seas and oceans.

Rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean. They have abundant flow and they freeze in winter. An example is the Pechora River.

Rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean. They have abundant flow. The main ones are the Rhine, the Loire and the Tajo.

Rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea. They are short and have low flow. The main ones are the Ebro and the Rhône.

Rivers that flow into the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. They are long with abundant flow, like the Danube and the Volga. The Volga is the longest river in Europe.

There are lakes in different parts of Europe.

The largest lakes in Europe are Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega.

The countries of Europe

There are more than forty countries in Europe. 

Russia is the largest country. Its territory is partly in Europe and partly in Asia.

The population of Europe

More than 700 million people live in Europe.

Most of the population lives in cities. Istanbul, in Turkey, and Moscow, the capital of Russia, have the highest populations in Europe.

Other cities with a large population are: London, the capital of Great Britain; Berlin, the capital of Germany; Madrid, the capital of Spain; and Paris, the capital of France.

Many languages are spoken in Europe. The most spoken languages are Russian, German, English, French, Italian and Spanish

4 European Union countries (Don't study for the exam)

5 Non European Union countries (Don't study for the exam)

UNIT 2: THE CONTINENTS

ASIA

The landscapes and rivers of Asia

Asia is the largest continent in the world. Most of its land is in the Northern Hemisphere. Asia has many different types of relief.

Mountain ranges. The Himalayas has the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest. The Ural Mountains are a natural border between Europe and Asia.

Plateaus and plains. Asia includes the largest plateaus and plains on Earth, such as the Tibetan Plateau and the West Siberian Plain.

Coasts. There are several archipelagos, like Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia. There are large peninsulas, such as the Arabian Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula.

Asia has long rivers, such as the Yangtze and the Ganges.

ASIA HAS THE HIGHEST MOUNTAINS IN THE WORLD

The countries of Asia

Asia includes very large countries. Russia is the largest country in the world, and China is the most populated country. Other countries are very small, like Singapore.

Asia is the most populated continent on Earth. There are large cities, such as Tokyo, Shanghai, Hong Kong and New Delhi.

However, some areas have a very low population because of the climate. In the north, the climate is very cold, so not many people live there. In central and south Asia there are large, hot deserts, like in Saudi Arabia.

AMERICA

The landscapes and rivers of America

America extends from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemispheres. There are two continents: North America, and South America.

North America. This part includes the Rocky Mountains in the west, the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Great Plains in the middle.

Central America. This part joins North and South America together. Central America includes the Sierra Madre mountains. There are many islands. Cuba is the largest island.

South America. The largest mountain range is the Andes. It includes the highest peak in America, Mount Aconcagua. There are also extensive plains, such as the Amazon Plain.

North America has many important rivers, such as the Mississippi-Missouri. The Amazon River, in South America, has the greatest flow in the world.

North America and South America have large mountain ranges and extensive plains. There are long rivers with abundant flow, like the Amazon River.

The countries of America

North America has only three countries, but they are very large: Canada, the United States of America and Mexico.

In Central America there are many small countries, such as Guatemala and Costa Rica.

South America has two large countries: Brazil and Argentina.

In Canada and the United States people speak English. In Central and South America Spanish is the most spoken language, except in Brazil, where people speak Portuguese.

The most populated countries are the United States and Mexico in North America, and Brazil, in South America. The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires.

In North America and South America most people live in cities.

 AFRICA

The landscapes and rivers of Africa

The Equator passes through Africa, so half is in the Northern Hemisphere and half is in the Southern Hemisphere.

Africa has many extensive plateaus and plains. There are large mountain ranges, such as the Atlas Mountains in the north, and Mount Kilimanjaro in the east. Africa has the largest desert in the world, the Sahara Desert.

The most important coastal landforms are the Gulf of Guinea and the Cape of Good Hope. The largest island in this continent is Madagascar.

Rivers in Africa are long, with abundant flow. The Nile is the longest river in the world.

Africa has many extensive plateaus and plains.

The countries of Africa

Compared to Asia, Africa has a low population, because a lot of its territory is covered with deserts and rainforests.

Most of the population of Africa lives in the countryside, but there are also very large cities, such as Lagos and Cairo.

There are many different cultures in Africa. In the north, the most spoken language is Arabic. In the rest of the continent people speak native languages such as Swahili, or European languages, such as English and French.

Most of the population of Africa lives in the countryside. Africa has a low population.

 OCEANIA

The landscapes of Oceania

Oceania is the smallest continent. It is in the Southern Hemisphere. This continent consists of about 10,000 islands, spread over the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

Australia makes up most of the land of Oceania. Australia is the largest island in the world. Other large islands are New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Most of the other islands are very small.

Oceania is the smallest continent. It is made up of thousands of islands; most of them are very small.

The countries of Oceania

Oceania is the least populated continent in the world. The most populated countries are Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.

Most of the population is of European origin, so most people speak English. There are also tribes with their own cultures. These peoples speak their own languages and live mainly on the smaller islands, like Samoa.

Oceania is the least populated continent.

Antarctica, the frozen continent

Antarctica is in the Southern Hemisphere. It is too cold for people to live here. A few scientists from different countries investigate the thick layers of ice that cover Antarctica.

There are mountains under the ice. Mount Vinson is the highest peak in Antarctica.

                                         October 21th 2016

WORLD MAPS

World maps represent the whole of the Earth’s surface: the oceans and the continents

OCEANS

There are five oceans on Earth: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Arctic and the Antarctic.

• The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean.
• The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean. Its water reaches the Spanish coast.
• The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean.
• The Arctic Ocean has very cold water. Sea ice forms.
• The Antarctic Ocean also contains sea ice.

CONTINENTS

There are seven continents on the Earth: Asia, North and South America, Africa, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania.

Europe is the continent where Spain is.

Africa is the hottest continent.

America is the longest continent. It is made up of North America and South America.

Asia is the largest continent.

Antarctica is covered in ice. It is so cold that nobody lives there.

Oceania is the smallest continent and has lots of islands.

                                         October 18th 2016

PARTS OF A MAP

Maps have different parts: labels, a key, a scale and a compass rose.

October 6th 2016

Hello my pupils. I am going to show you some games you can use to practice what we have learnt in the classroom these days.

We are going to start remembering and learning some parts of the world.

Now we will remember how to use a maps and its parts

Here you can find a game to learn the name of the countries

Finally you can see Google Maps to find any part of the world you like, as we made in the classroom

                                                October 3rd 2016

Hello. How are you today. We are going to learn the different types of maps we can find in books, on TV, on the internet...

                                          September 30th 2016

Today we have learnt the difference between globes and maps. Here you can find the theory we learnt in class and some videos we have seen. Have fun!

Globes

The Earth is a very big sphere. Globes are small spheres that show the Earth on a small scale. Globes also show: 

• The North Pole. This is the point on Earth that is the farthest north.
• The South Pole. This is the point on Earth that is the farthest south.
• The Equator. This is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into two halves: the
• Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
• The Earth spins on an imaginary axis.

Maps

Maps are flat pictures that show parts of the Earth's surface. 

Now you can find some videos we watched in class, to watch again if you liked them. Click on the pictures and the youtube video will open in a new tab.